Generally there two methods of refueling which are.
This wind-induced intensification has been observed mostly in electrically grounded structures, such as trees and towers. There is a risk that a PED (personal electronic device) may create or induce a spark of sufficient intensity to ignite fuel vapour released during fuelling but it is extremely remote under normal circumstances. part may be reproduced without the written permission. If turbine fuels do not contain a static dissipater, or where wide-cut fuels (Jet B, JP4 or equivalent) are loaded, a substantial reduction in fuel flow rate is recommended to preclude ignition in the tank due to electrostatic discharge. It is recommended that when wide-cut fuel has been used, the next two uplifts of fuel should be treated as though they too were wide-cut. Passengers boarding or disembarking an aircraft other than via an airbridge should be discouraged from using PEDs. For centuries, sailors observed corona discharges at the tips of ship masts during storms at sea. change phase and freeze. Credit: Courtesy of the researchersIn the end, they found that the strength of the corona discharge and its resulting brightness decreased as the wind increased — a surprising and opposite effect from what scientists have seen for wind acting on grounded structures.The team developed numerical simulations to try and explain the effect, and found that, for ungrounded structures, the process is largely similar to what happens with grounded objects — but with something extra.In both cases, the wind is blowing away the positive ions generated by the corona, leaving behind a stronger field in the surrounding air. August 11, 2020 It also disrupts the airflow over the wings, reducing the total lift produced by the wings. A particular concern is the proliferation of below-specification mobile telephone batteries that have the potential to fail dangerously. The content is provided for information purposes only. They coined the phenomenon St. Elmo's fire, after the patron saint of sailors. A sufficient quantity of fuel vapour to create a high risk of ignition may result from spillage arising from procedural errors, leaks, aircraft tank venting or failure of pressurized fuel lines or their couplings. This change will release heat, fueling the continued growth of the cloud. Additionally, clear air turbulence may be encountered 20 or more miles from the anvil cloud edge. When a divergent discrepancy between the two independent fuel remaining sources became apparent, an uneventful precautionary air turnback was made and overfuelling subsequently confirmed. . If the clouds appears fuzzy, it is likely because they are now composed mostly of ice crystals As a result, the storm has much less energy available to grow significantly taller. I love my job but not to the point where i'll stand in a storm to unload bags.At Air Canada, I think our policy is if there is a thunderstorm within 5 miles of the airfeild, then outside work must stop. You can be assured our editors closely monitor every feedback sent and will take appropriate actions. St. Elmo’s fire occurs when the electric field around the aircraft ionizes air molecules, producing sparks. They found that the stronger the wind, the weaker the corona discharge, and the dimmer the glow that was produced.Carmen Guerra-Garcia, an assistant professor of aeronautics and astronautics at MIT, is the lead author of a new study analyzing the effect of wind on underground corona discharges. Your opinions are important to us. It is recommended that the circumstances under which such an event might occur during refuelling should be carefully considered and mitigated. The issues are much the same whether the fuel source is a tanker/bowser or a fuel hydrant system. Turbulence exceeding the performance capability of most aircraft can be found in and around thunderstorms. They coined the phenomenon St. Elmo's fire, after the patron saint of sailors.Scientists have found that a corona discharge can strengthen in windy conditions, glowing more brightly as the In some of the last experiments performed in MIT's Wright Brothers Wind Tunnel before it was dismantled in 2019, the researchers exposed an electrically ungrounded model of an airplane wing to increasingly strong wind gusts.
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