136-137).New England Puritans, like their counterparts in England and Scotland, did not view family worship as a rival to congregational worship, but rather as its complement: ‘Domestic instruction and worship was considered indispensable to the success of the weekly services in the church, for religion was too important a matter to be left to weekly lessons’ (Morgan, p. 139).Historians also have observed that the Puritan family was expected not only to be a little church but a little school, and a little commonwealth.
Amazing though it may seem, Puritan households were often far happier and definitely far holier than ours.
One of the leading new historians of the period affirms that ‘The family was regarded as a religious society with the obligations of group Scripture reading, prayer, and catechizing… Within the family the husband was without question the master. But it is also clear that parental indulgence, lax discipline, and early independence characterized many planters' relationships with their offspring. p. 517). In the years 1685, 1686 and 1687 Samuel buried three sons, Henry, Hull, and Steven. Samuel Sewall lived with his family in Puritan America between 1652 and 1730, and he suffered in ways unimaginable to us today. New England was the laboratory of Puritan ideas. Their lives focused on religion and following God’s plan – attending church was mandatory. The Puritans viewed family government, and therefore family worship, as an obligation of the Christian head of a household. Oliver Cromwell himself, prior to rising to the command of the Puritan New Model Army in the English Civil War, had considered settling in New England. Children were sometimes sent to stay with other families in the same neighborhood. However, her very practice of teaching, as well as its theological content, was contrary to the Puritan understanding of Biblical family headship. In fact, the Puritans were an incredibly earthly lot and their concern was to live on God’s earth according to his will and plan. The household included servants as well as wife and children. Peter Bulkeley’s book The Puritans viewed the male head of the household as the one Biblically responsible for commanding and instructing the family in the way of the Lord. As late as the American Revolution, few men in the southern colonies could be confident of directly passing property to their sons. The high death rate contributed to a society which attached relatively more importance to the extended kinship network and less to the nuclear family. Puritans had very detailed rules on how they should live their lives which is why the ways they live are very distinct. They want to separate because they believe that England is violating the rules of the Bible. Samuel was grief-stricken and could not forgive himself for the decision he had made. So the question we must ask is: “what can such poor, backward, and needy people teach us about family life?” We have the blessings of medical expertise and provision in childbirth, technological advancements, freedom, relaxation and leisure time, educational opportunities for all, facilities, freedom, security, prosperity and ease. Over a period of 24 years, he and his wife Hannah had 14 children: his first son John died aged 17 months; his third son Hull died aged 23 months; his fourth son Henry died aged two weeks; his fifth son Stephen died aged 6 months; his third daughter Judith died aged 6 weeks; his fourth daughter Mary died following childbirth aged just 19 years; his fifth daughter Jane died at 5 weeks; his sixth daughter, Sarah, after just five weeks of life, was laid in the family tomb, and his seventh son never saw the world alive, being stillborn.Of their 14 children, one was stillborn and seven died before they reached the age of three. Roles of the Puritan Society John Cotton related this responsibility to covenant headship: ‘If God made a Covenant, to be a God to thee and thine, then it is thy part to see it, that thy children and servants be God’s people” (John Cotton, The Puritans also described the believer’s covenant with Christ in family language. Their family roles differed from other colonists that settled in America. Fathers also increasingly lost the ability to control the timing of their children's marriages (Mintz & Kellogg, 1988). Roles of the Puritan Society Puritans were English Protestants who were committed to “purifying” the Church of England. Compared to other English-speaking people, they were more likely to name their first-born sons after themselves. That wife of a prominent businessman, who is not otherwise mentioned in church matters, had begun to teach classes on the Bible at her home in the summer of 1635. He had sent his little one away to his death.This suffering is unknown to us; we cannot imagine it; just surviving required all their time, effort and energy. A separate adolescent subculture, free from adult control, began to emerge, as young men joined militia companies, voluntary associations, and religious groups. In all regions, colonial fathers were preoccupied with preserving, transmitting, and increasing the familial patrimony. People were starting to grow suspicious of Parris because his slave and niece and a couple other girls were dancing in the woods (Wiggins, 2012). The judge tells him that many have been hung already, so they cannot stop now because that would be unfair. Also his daughter was in a coma and would not wake up.
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